People Making History - Pope Gregory VII: On the Warpath, 1073-1085

Dr. John Hosler examines the power struggles between Gregory VII's papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV. Gregory excommunicated Henry three times, and Henry appointed Antipope Clement III to oppose him. Though Gregory was hailed as one of the greatest of the Roman pontiffs after his reforms proved successful, during his own reign he was denounced by some for his autocratic use of papal powers.